Modern distillation involves pumping oil through pipes in hot furnaces and separating light hydrocarbon molecules from heavy ones. Products or “fractions” from the top, middle, and bottom of the distillation column travel through pipes to
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With the depletion in global reserves of light crude oil over the past few decades, the attention of refiners and researchers has been shifted to heavy and extra-heavy crude oils in recent times. It is estimated that global heavy oil reserves
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Substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with lower boiling points condense on the way to the top. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons .
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Crude Oil Crude oil is a non-uniform material. The composition depends on its location. 5. The majority of crude oil is alkanes, cycloalkanes , aromatics, polycyclic aromatics, S-containing compounds, etc. Gasoline: branched alkanes
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Crude oils are divided into light, medium or heavy, based on API gravity. The greater the API density , the more dense the crude oil. If the API is 10, the specific gravity , the more dense the crude oil. If the API is 10, the specific gravity to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas , gasoline or
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The ADU is capable of boiling crude oil fractions to temperatures of 750 o F. Above this temperature, the oil will thermally crack, or break apart, which impedes the distillation process. As lighter products are boiled off, the heavier oils,
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